Programmes proposed for adoption at the ESA Council Meeting at Ministerial Level, Edinburgh 14/15 November 2001
On 14 and 15 November, the ministers responsible for space activities in
the fifteen ESA member states and Canada gather in Edinburgh to set the
course for Europe’s space programmes over the period ahead. They will be
invited to endorse the next stages of a series of ongoing programmes and
to commit to the start of new programmes that will keep Europe at the
forefront of space activities.
With Europe’s evolving geopolitical role and the increasing recognition
of space as a strategic instrument for carrying out its policies and
improving the overall quality of life for European citizens, ESA is
seeking to pursue its goals in closer cooperation with the European Union.
This ESA Council meeting at ministerial level will be instrumental in
implementing policies that will lend direction to and consolidate the
evolution of the public space sector and in confirming the mandate given
to ESA to develop further towards becoming the space agency for the
European Union. The meeting will also be taking decisions on specific
activities that will create knowledge, provide services for the benefit of
the people, and secure Europe’s position in space so that it can make the
fullest possible use of its potential over the long term.
Political objectives and plans for the future of the European space sector
will be set out in a resolution entitled “Space serving European citizens”.
Programmes
The programmes tabled for decisions at the meeting cover the following
areas:
Earth Observation
* Earth Observation Envelope Programme, phase 2
* Earth Watch, slice 1
Telecommunication Technology
* ARTES 1, preliminary studies and investigations
* ARTES 3, Satellite Multimedia
* ARTES 4, ESA/Industry Telecommunications Partnership
* ARTES 5, Advance Systems and Telecommunications Equipment
* ARTES 8, Large Platform Mission
Galileo Satellite Navigation System, development and validation phase
International Space Station
* ISS Exploitation Programme Continuation
* ISS additional flight opportunities
* ISS Commercial Utilisation Preparation Programme
* ISS Studies, Technology and Evolution Preparation Programme (STEP)
* European programme for Life and Physical Sciences and Applications using
the ISS (ELIPS)
Launchers
* Ariane 5 Research and Technology Accompaniment (ARTA) Programme
(2003-2006)
* Ariane 5 Infrastructure (2002-2006)
* Ariane 5 Plus, step 3
Aurora Exploration Programme: European long-term plan for the robotic and
human exploration of the Solar System
In addition, the Level of Resources and continuation of the CSG (Centre
Spatial Guyanais/Guiana Space Centre) programme have to be decided for the
period 2002-2006.
1. THE 2002-2006 LEVEL OF RESOURCES
The Level of Resources determines, usually for a five-year period, the
funding available for the basic activities of the General Budget and for
the Science Programme. Towards the end of the third year of each such
period, the ESA Council determines, by a unanimous decision, the Level
of Resources to be made available to the Agency for the next five-year
period.
In May 1999 a Level of Resources for 1999-2003 was submitted to Council
at ministerial level, which decided to limit it to the period 1999-2002,
asking the ESA executive to prepare a new LOR for approval before the
end of 2001. The November Council at ministerial level is therefore an
appropriate moment to agree on the 2002-2006 LOR.
During the 1990s considerable emphasis was placed on increasing the
efficiency of management at the Agency. A consequence of this has been a
reduction in the Level of Resources amounting to around 14% over the
ten-year period, whilst there has been little loss of capabilities and
even increases in activities in several areas. Now it is felt that to
ensure an appropriate balance between Basic Activities and Optional
Programmes within the overall European Space Strategy, a modest increase
(of around 4% over 5 years) is needed, giving priority to the Science
Programme and Technology.
The General Budget:
The General Budget covers corporate and administrative costs, technical
activities such as the basic General Studies and Technological Research
Programmes, plus Earthnet and Education (funding of fellowships, etc.).
The General Studies Programme prepares new science missions for possible
selection, prepares the case for approval and funding of new optional
projects/programmes and supports the evolution of ESA by analysing and
testing new work methodologies. Other subjects covered within General
Studies include Space Weather applications, Near Earth Objects hazard
prevention, the Grid (the future development of the World Wide Web) and
advanced networking, and a number of very advanced technological
assessments.
The Technological Research Programme (TRP) enables future space missions
by assessing the potential of prospective technologies, demonstrates
technological feasibility of future ESA missions and harmonises future
developments with national agencies. The Technology Transfer Programme
(TTP) promotes and disseminates developed space technologies throughout
the European community, with the aims of adapting them as necessary and
integrating them into the market economy.
Activities concerned with space debris will also be covered within the
General Budget.
The total General Budget requested for the period 2002-2006 amounts to
EUR 919M (at 2001 economic conditions), and allows a 3% annual increase.
The Science Programme
The Science Programme is the backbone of ESA’s programmes. It is a “maker
of knowledge”, performing an essential role in a knowledge-based society.
Its very successful missions have made ESA the leader or co-leader with
NASA in most areas of space science research.
Over the last ten years, ESA’s Science Programme has substantially
increased its output, despite declining purchasing power in the last six
years, thanks to increased productivity and efficiency, achieved through
access to new launchers, re-use of platforms and sub-systems, and new
management practices.
An overall budget increase is needed in the coming years to ensure that
Science can remain a European flag-carrier in a competitive global
environment, contribute to Europe’s knowledge-based society, and perform
its strategic role as a source of information.
The funding proposal for the next five years covers:
* maintenance of plans for scientific missions already launched (Hubble
Space Telescope, Ulysses, Cluster II, SOHO, Huygens/Cassini, XMM-Newton);
* approved scientific missions in the development phase (Integral,
Rosetta, Mars Express, Smart-1, Herschel-Planck);
* new missions under study or to be chosen and initiated in this period
(i.e. the Cornerstones BepiColombo, GAIA and LISA — with Smart-2, and
the Solar Orbiter flexi-mission);
* new missions approved but not possible without increased funding
(Eddington, a “reserve mission”, and other flexi-missions).
The total expected contribution to the Science Programme for 2002-2006
amounts to EUR 1945.1m (at 2001 e.c.).
This is lower than had been hoped, however, and will probably preclude the
proposed Mars Express bus re-use mission (2005) and could result in delays
to missions such as GAIA and Solar Orbiter. It could also prevent, in the
longer term, the introduction of Eddington (2008) into the programme.
2. EARTH OBSERVATION
Earth Observation from space contributes to Earth Science as well as to
operational applications such as Environmental Monitoring and Management
of Natural Resources. Earth Science provides key contributions to improved
understanding of the Planet Earth and its complex processes. Earth
Observation application missions provide unique and cost-effective support
to decision-making processes in a wide variety of areas.
The ministers will be asked for decisions on two Earth Observation
programmes:
* the second period of the Earth Observation Envelope Programme (EOEP-2)
covering the time frame 2003-2007;
* the first slice of the Earth Watch Programme, with missions to be
started between 2002 and 2006.
The decision on EOEP-2 is the follow-up to the EOEP activity approved in
1999 by the Ministerial Council, which called for a new period of EOEP to
be proposed, endorsed and financed at least one year before the end of the
first. EOEP-1 covered the time frame 2000-2002.
The start of an Earth Watch Programme in parallel with EOEP was endorsed
by Council in 1998 and responds to a top priority for Europe, the
initiative on Global Monitoring for Environment and Security, GMES,
identified in the European Strategy for Space approved by the EU and ESA
Ministerial Councils in November 2000.
The Earth Watch initiative will broaden the range of EO application
missions developed through ESA in partnership with member states, user
organisations and industry.
EOEP-2
EOEP has enabled ESA to start a long-term commitment to Earth Science
driven by European scientists, open to international cooperation and
matching European ambitions and capabilities. EOEP implements Earth
Explorer core and opportunity missions and also funds mission
exploitation, instrument predevelopment and support for market
development.
The development of such Earth Explorer missions as Cryosat, the Gravity
field and steady state Ocean Circulation Explorer (GOCE), the Soil
Moisture Ocean Salinity (SMOS) and the initiation of full implementation
of the Atmospheric Dynamics Mission (ADM-Aeolus) are major achievements
of EOEP-1.
It is now essential to enter the nominal steady-state phase with a second
period covering five years. The time span of five years is in line with
the phasing of the Earth Watch initiative covering the same length of
time.
EOEP-2 will give the Earth Science community and industry a stable outlook
in which one new mission will be launched every year. It will also cover
preparation of Earth Watch missions, including the initial stages of
missions with Eumetsat.
The financial commitments expected from member states for EOEP-2 amount to
EUR 1699m for the period 2003 -2007
Earth Watch
The Earth Watch programme will include a number of Earth Observation
application missions and will be managed as an optional programme,
implemented in partnership with user organisations, the private sector or
both.
Among the initial Earth Watch elements, priority application themes
include:
* operational meteorology in partnership with Eumetsat;
* the requirements of the GMES initiative, currently being drawn up,
addressing in particular global change, natural and man-made hazards,
environmental stress and monitoring of treaty commitments;
* high-resolution imaging missions (optical and radar) supporting public-
and private-sector applications such as mapping, natural resource
management, major risks and security, geology etc.
The Earth Watch programme is to be implemented in five-year slices. The
first will cover the period 2002-2006. Elements of the first slice ready
to enter the development phase include:
GMES service elements (envisaged funding: EUR 83M);
* a C-band SAR element based on the Canadian Space Agency (CSA) Radarsat
proposal (envisaged funding: EUR 100M);
* a X-band SAR element based on the Italian Space Agency (ASI) COSMO
proposal (envisaged funding: EUR 75M);
* the thematic L/X SAR element based on the joint proposal from the
British and German space agencies (BNSC/DLR) for Infoterra/TerraSAR
(envisaged funding: EUR 30M); and
* an infrared element based on the Spanish CDTI Fuegosat proposal
(envisaged funding: EUR 60M).
Some of the other elements being prepared for submission during the
2002-2006 period include:
* an optical element, possibly based on a French space agency (CNES)
Pl?des proposal;
* an ocean observation element, building on past ESA investments in the
field; and
* a superspectral/hyperspectral element, currently being studied in EOEP
following a number of national and industry proposals.
The financial commitments expected from member states for Earth Watch
Slice 1 amount to EUR 348M for the period 2002-2006.
3. TELECOMMUNICATIONS
Seventy-five per cent of all satellites are telecommunications satellites.
They are of strategic importance to Europe. Total worldwide satellite
industry revenue was $27 billion in 2000 and is expected to grow to over
$100bn by 2007.
The ARTES (Advanced Research in Telecommunication Systems) programme
Eight actions/projects have been identified to further increase the
competitiveness of European industry in satellite telecommunications, many
of which are the continuation and amplification of ongoing activities.
* Interactive Multimedia: deployment, demonstration and early operation of
geostationary multimedia projects.
* User Segment: support to applications, ground network and user
terminals, which are critical to the successful introduction of new
services and the opening up of new markets. The participation of small
and medium-size enterprises will be encouraged.
* Mobility: developing technologies for and promoting early deployment of
the next generation of mobile services. Both mobile satellite systems
and digital audio radio services will be considered.
* Preparatory Activities Programme and Standardisation: to analyse the
evolution and competitiveness of the space and terrestrial
telecommunications markets and support evaluation of new system
architectures.
* Technology: to enable industry and operators to continuously evaluate
and develop new technologies for enhancing overall performance of
next-generation satellite systems.
* Large Platform Mission: development of a large European platform, with
a mass greater than 7000 kg and capable of providing power levels in
excess of 20 kW. This mission will unite European industrial prime
contractors and suppliers around the common objective of meeting the
needs of telecom operators in 2006 and beyond.
* In-Orbit Demonstration Platforms: flight qualification of new payload
and platform components to reduce the risks of development programmes
and accelerate commercial adoption.
* Inter-Satellite Link Demonstrations: these technologies provide the
opportunity to increase the capabilities of next-generation satellite
networks. The value of such links will be demonstrated in orbit.
With the exception of the Large Platform development activity, which will
become a new ARTES element (ARTES 8), all the actions/projects above will
be integrated into the existing ARTES programme.
ARTES 1: Preliminary Studies and Investigations
Contribution requested for the period 2002-2006: EUR50M
ARTES 3: Satellite Multimedia (will also cover mobility and inter-satellite
links)
Contribution requested for the period 2002-2006: EUR 465M
ARTES 4: ESA/Industry Telecommunications Partnership (will deal with part
of technology and user segment activities)
Contribution requested for the period 2002-2006: EUR 115M
ARTES 5: Advanced Systems and Telecommunications Equipment (consists of
technology, user segment and in-orbit demonstration)
Contribution requested for the period 2002-2006: EUR 370M
ARTES 8: Large Platform programme
Contribution requested for the period 2002-2006: EUR 500M
ARTES total: EUR 1500M
Note: The ARTES programme currently consists of 5 elements (1-5). ARTES 2
(On-board processing) is now completed.
The Galileo Programme
Galileo is a joint initiative of the European Commission and ESA. It is
intended to deploy a full constellation of navigation satellites by the
end of 2008. The programme was initiated in the autumn of 1999 and, once
operational, will give Europe sovereignty in safety-critical applications
and telematic infrastructure with superior technical and operational
capabilities compared with the American GPS and the Russian Glonass
systems.
Galileo involves the following programme phases:
* end 1999 – end 2000: Galileo Definition Phase
This phase, devoted to the overall system design, is now completed. The
Galileo Definition Phase was made up of two sets of activities, namely:
* GalileoSat activities (space segment and related ground facilities)
under ESA responsibility,
* Galileo activities (mission, architecture, frequency etc.) under EC
responsibility.
(EUR 80M, equally shared between the European Commission and ESA, was
allocated for this phase).
* 2001-2005: Design, Development and Validation Phase
The final objective of this phase is to perform in-orbit validation of the
system, based on the deployment of a limited constellation (3 to 5
satellites) and a representative ground control segment and test
receivers.
ESA’s contribution to the Design, Development and Validation Phase is EUR
550M. As EUR 53M has already been subscribed, the ministers will be
requested to commit EUR 497M.
* 2006-2008: Deployment and Start of Operational Phase
The full Galileo system will consist of 21 satellites (in medium Earth
orbit at 24,000 km, possibly complemented by 3 geostationary satellites at
36,000 km) and the associated ground infrastructure. It will be compatible
and interoperable with the planned second-generation global positioning
systems.
The cost of the overall Galileo project is estimated at some EUR 2.7B.
Financial schemes for the deployment and operational phase are being
worked on currently.
4. HUMAN SPACEFLIGHT AND MICROGRAVITY PROGRAMME
With the development of the European contributions to the International
Space Station approaching completion and following the start of the ISS
Exploitation Programme in 2000, the European effort over the next five
years (2002-2006) will concentrate on continuity of preparations for
exploitation and utilisation of the European elements for fundamental and
applied research and commercial applications. The maintenance of Europe’s
human spaceflight capability is also an important strategic aspect of ISS
utilisation and future human space exploration.
ISS Exploitation Programme Continuation
The objectives of the programme are to develop European operational
capabilities in key areas required for long-term human space exploration,
build up the know-how necessary to master the operations of a complex
human outpost in space, and support ISS use by the European user
community.
Exploitation Period 1 (2002-2006) covers activities such as partial
funding of the first Ariane 5 and full procurement of the third Ariane 5
for the ATV, plus ATV procurement activities, including the first ATV
production unit. The programme will include sustaining engineering for
flight and ground elements (including space procurement); ISS Operations
Preparation and Initial Operations; preparation and execution of the
first ATV mission under the exploitation programme; astronaut activities;
utilisation coordination and support; NASA reimbursable services (data
communications and download logistics) and programme integration.
Period 1 of ISS exploitation is composed of fixed and variable cost
activities to be undertaken in the period 2002-2006. The Period 1
financial envelope amounts to EUR 965.9M at 2001 e.c. and is divided
into a firm sub-envelope of EUR 579.4M for 2002-2004 and a provisional
sub-envelope of EUR 386.5M for 2005-2006.
Additional ISS Flight Opportunities Programme
The objectives of this programme are those of maintaining and developing
an active and experienced European Astronaut Corps, offering further
opportunities to the European user community for ISS utilisation,
enhancing promotion of European manned spaceflight and space-based
research and providing a European pathway for ISS commercial development.
The programme, proposed as an additional slice of the ISS exploitation
programme, envisages the procurement from Russia of 4 Soyuz flights to
and from the ISS and covers crew training associated with the mission
plus management and mission support.
The proposed decision covers these 4 additional ISS flights for European
astronauts during the period 2003-2006. The financial envelope amounts
to EUR 60M at 2001 e.c.
ISS Commercial Utilisation Preparation Programme
The objectives are to lay the foundations for commercial utilisation of
the ISS, stimulate commercial utilisation to generate revenues and thus
reduce contributions payable by participants in the ISS exploitation
programme, and promote the image of the ISS to attract a larger community
of users.
The programme, proposed as an additional slice of the ISS exploitation
programme, covers the development of policy and a legal framework,
implementation of pathfinder projects and ISS promotion activities.
The proposed decision covers commercial utilisation preparation activities
during the period 2002-2006. The financial envelope, to be covered by
participating States’ contributions, amounts to EUR 35M at 2001 e.c. This
envelope will be complemented by contributions from industrial parties,
estimated at EUR 35m at 2001 e.c.
Manned Spaceflight Studies, Technology and Evolution Preparation (STEP)
The objectives are the improvement of existing ISS services, reduction
of ISS operational costs and the preparation of future infrastructure
capabilities.
The programme, proposed as an additional slice of the ISS exploitation
programme, covers studies, definition activities and pre-development
of selected items.
It is conceived as a framework programme structured in periods of three
years for which a work-plan is elaborated and allows member states to
undertake activities of interest to them on a “pay as you go” basis.
The proposed decision covers the first three-year period of activities
(2002-2005). The programme envelope will depend on financial
subscriptions established at the meeting.
ELIPS Programme
The objectives are to maximise the benefits to society of ISS utilisation,
promote European competence and competitiveness in life and physical
sciences, purse basic scientific research in life and physical sciences
and also industrial and commercial applications in space, and setting up
a coherent framework for European activity in this area.
The European programme for Life and Physical Sciences and Applications
utilising the International Space Station (ELIPS) is proposed as an
envelope programme. It is composed of rolling 5-year periods as in the
ISS exploitation programme. Each period is divided into a firm period of
3 years and a provisional period of 2 years. The ELIPS programme is the
successor to the EMIR-2 extension, itself a continuation of the
microgravity programme started by the Agency in 1993 with EMIR-1.
The proposed decision covers Period 1 of the programme (2002-2006) and
comprises activities with the technical content outlined above. The
financial envelope for this period amounts to EUR 320m at 2001 e.c. It
is divided into a firm sub-envelope of EUR 162M for 2002-2004 and a
provisional sub-envelope of EUR158M for 2005-2006.
5. LAUNCHER PROGRAMMES
The European Space Strategy, jointly endorsed by the ESA and EU Councils
on 16 November 2000, reaffirms independent access to space as being the
foundation of space applications and related services. It stresses that
the competitiveness of Ariane on the world market is the key to making
that independent access affordable to governments.
Programmes related to the exploitation of Ariane
Independent and competitive access to space can only be guaranteed if
an operationally available launcher is and remains reliable and has an
operational, available and competitive launch base from which to operate.
The purpose of the ARTA 5 programme is to help to ensure that the first of
these conditions is met, and it is proposed to extend this programme for
the 4-year period from 2003 to 2006.
The availability of the launch base will be ensured by continuing the CSG
programme under which the member states meet the fixed costs of the CSG
facilities and the Infrastructure programme under which they meet the
fixed costs of the launch pads.
ARTA 5
The objectives of the ARTA 5 programme are to maintain the reliability and
level of qualification of the Ariane 5 launcher throughout its operational
life, to eliminate design flaws and weaknesses appearing during
operational use, and to improve knowledge about the functional behaviour
of the launcher in flight.
The programme is currently funded until the end of 2002 and will need to
be extended to cover the operational life of Ariane 5. The present
proposal is for a 4-year extension over the period 2003-2006.
The programme includes work such as sampling and testing of sensitive
elements of the launcher; recovery and inspection of solid propellant
boosters; treatment of design-related anomalies and obsolescence, detailed
evaluation of flight data and refinement of mathematical models of the
launcher.
The 4-year extension of the ARTA 5 programme proposed at the meeting at
involves a budget requirement of EUR 340M (2001 e.c).
Ariane 5 Infrastructure
The proposed programme, meeting the fixed costs of the ELA2 (Ensemble de
lancement No 2) and ELA3 launch complex facilities, covers the period
2002-2004.
This 3-year extension of the Ariane 5 Infrastructure programme proposed
at the meeting involves a budget requirement of EUR 234M (2001 e.c.).
CSG (Centre Spatial Guyanais/Guiana Space Centre)
The agreement on CSG management and funding has until now covered the
upkeep and operating costs of the CSG range facilities to ensure long-term
stability of strategic investment in Europe’s assured access to space. The
present agreement ends in 2001. A new proposal covering the fixed costs of
the CSG for the period 2002-2006 is being presented to the ministers for
approval.
The 5-year extension of CSG funding proposed at the meeting for the period
2002-2006 involves a budget requirement of EUR 433.1M (2001 e.c.).
Programme related to the evolution of Ariane
Ariane 5 Plus
The objective of this programme is to keep Ariane 5 competitive on the
world market by increasing its performance and versatility and bringing
the launch price down. The Ariane 5 Plus programme was broken down into
three steps, each subject to a separate decisions and each incorporating
the previous one:
The first step, decided at the Council meeting in June 1998, covered the
first year of activities. The second was decided at the Council meeting
at Ministerial level in 1999 and covered the following:
* initial development of the Vinci engine;
* initial ground segment upgrade;
* full development of the versatile version of the existing upper stage;
* completion of the Ariane 5 EC-A version and its first launch, bringing
the GTO lift capacity to 9 tonnes; this launch is planned for June 2002.
The third step will complete the programme, its content being as follows:
* completion of Vinci engine development;
* completion of the ground segment upgrade;
* completion of the Ariane 5 EC-B version and first launch of this version
bringing the GTO lift capacity to 12 tonnes; this launch is planned for
2006.
In order to complete the Ariane 5 Plus programme the budget proposed at
the meeting is EUR 671.2M (2001 e.c.).
6. THE AURORA PROGRAMME
The Aurora Programme is aimed at developing a European long-term plan for
the robotic and human exploration of bodies in the Solar System, in
particular those holding promise for traces of life.
The activities will be pursued in coordination with European and
international partners, so as to ensure programmatic, scientific and
technological coherence. The programme is envisaged as an envelope
programme with consecutive five-year periods, following a three-year
preparatory period during which Aurora will develop relevant technologies
and mission scenarios.
The fully developed programme will include major missions (Flagships)
driving to soft landing or sample return from planetary bodies and
eventually a human mission and cost-capped, short development time
missions (Arrows) to demonstrate new technologies or mission approaches,
or to exploit opportunities for payloads on European or international
missions.
The overall financial commitment expected for the first three-year period
is EUR 40M (2001 e.c.)
7. SPACE TECHNOLOGY PROGRAMMES
A strong technology base is the foundation for European sovereignty in
space and for the development of innovative and competitive applications
and services for the benefit of European citizens.
The top-level objectives for ESA’s Technology R&D (TRD) programmes are:
* to strengthen and broaden the technology base to reinforce Europe’s
independent capabilities in space;
* to foster space technology innovation, addressing long-term technologies
which would lay the foundations of as yet unforeseen applications and
offer promise for new services and initiatives.
* to carry out Technology R & D best able to reduce costs, enhance
competitiveness, growth and employment, with defined roles for prime
contractors, equipment suppliers and SMEs.
* to maintain competencies and to contribute towards the establishment of
a European research area for space.
ESA will open a continuous dialogue between technology providers and
users, and relevant third parties (e.g. operators). Harmonisation and
coordination of technology programmes in Europe will be pushed further
and the impact of ESA’s Research and Technology Programmes on industry’s
structure and competitiveness will be strengthened.
In the light of needs and expectations, it is proposed to increase ESA’s
dedication to technology from 8% today to at least 10% of its total budget
by 2005, including the technology content of all ESA programmes.
Note to Editors:
The 8th ESA Council meeting at ministerial level will take place on 14 and
15 November 2001 at the Edinburgh International Conference Centre (EICC),
The Exchange, Morrison Street, Edinburgh EH3 8EE (Scotland)
For accreditation and programme, please refer to ESA Press release
No 55-2001 of 16 October.
Note: Accreditation will start at 08h00. Delegations arrival at 08h30,
the meeting will open at 09h00 (and not at 10h00 as previously indicated).
Summary of optional programmes
EARTH OBSERVATION EUR M (2001 e.c.)EOPP, phase 2 (2003-2007) ………….. 1699
Earth Watch, slice 1 (2002-2006) …….. 348
* GMES service elements ……………… 83
* C-band SAR Radarsat (CSA) …………. 100
* X-band SAR COSMO (ASI) …………….. 75
* L/X SAR Infoterra/Terrasar (BNSC/DLR) .. 30
* IR element Fuegosat (CDTI) …………. 60TELECOMMUNICATIONS EUR M (2001 e.c.)
ARTES programme …………………………. 1500
* ARTES 1, preliminary studies and
investigations (2002-2006) ……………….. 50
* ARTES 3, satellite multimedia (2002-2006) …. 465
* ARTES 4, ESA/industry telecommunications
partnerships (2002-2006) ………………… 115
* ARTES 5, Advanced systems and
telecommunications equipment (2002-2006) ….. 370
* ARTES 8, Large Platform mission (2002-2006) .. 500Galileo
* Design Development and Validation phase
(2001-2005) ……………………………. 497HUMAN SPACEFLIGHT AND MICOGRAVITY EUR M (2001 e.c.)
ISS exploitation Programme continuation
(2002-2006) …………………………………. 965.9
ISS additional flight opportunities (2003-2006) ……. 60
ISS Commercial Utilisation Preparation Programme
(2002-2006) ……………………………………. 35
ISS Studies Technology and Evolution Preparatory
Programme (STEP) (2002-2005) ……………….. (t.b.d.)
European Programme for Life and Physical Sciences
(ELIPS)(2002-2006) …………………………….. 320LAUNCHERS EUR M (2001 e.c.)
Ariane 5 Research and Technology Accompaniment
programme (ARTA) (2003-2006) …………………. 340
Ariane 5 infrastructure (2002-2004) …………… 234
CSG funding (2002-2006) ……………………. 433.1
Ariane 5 Plus (third step) …………………. 671.2AURORA EXPLORATION PROGRAMME EUR M (2001 e.c.)
First period ……………………… 40
SUMMARY OF MANDATORY PROGRAMMES
Level of Resources (2002-2006) EUR M (2001 e.c.)
Science …………………….. 1945.1
General Budget …………………. 919
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