Earth-Moon observations from Venus Express
Earth and Moon system as seen by VIRTIS-M. Just two weeks after launch, during the commissioning phase of Venus Express, the VIRTIS imaging spectrometer has been able to acquire its first remote-sensing data. This image, acquired on 23 November, shows Earth at about 3.5 million km as seen by VIRTIS-M visible channel in true colour format. The angular separation is about 1.6 degrees. The phase angle is 65 degrees, which means that 65% of Earth’s disk is illuminated by the Sun. Credits: ESA/VIRTIS team
A recent check of the VIRTIS imaging spectrometer during the Venus Express commissioning phase has allowed its first remote-sensing data to be acquired, using Earth and the Moon as a reference.
After a successful in-flight checkout of the spacecraft’s systems in the first ten days of flight, the ESOC operations team is now verifying the health and functioning of all the Venus Express instruments. These observations were made as part of this checkout.
Of course the very large distance that Venus Express has travelled since its launch makes these images of limited interest to the general public, but to the scientific team it confirms the excellent operation of their instrument.
This gives them confidence of spectacular results when the spacecraft reaches Venus where similar measurements will be made hundreds times closer.
First light for VMC on board ESA’s Venus Express. This image, taken during commissioning of the Venus Express instruments, shows the Earth and Moon from 3.5 million km away. The exposure time was set to obtain a signal from the Moon in all four channels simultaneously. For this reason the Earth is over exposed. The image shows four sub-images all showing the Earth and the Moon but at different wavelengths. Upper left infrared 1, lower left infrared 2, upper right ultraviolet, lower right visible light. Credits: ESA/VMC team
Only two weeks after the launch, VIRTIS, the Ultraviolet/Visible/Near-Infrared mapping spectrometer, has been able to make its first planetary observations, capturing the Earth-Moon system.
“The observations were made from 3.5 million kilometres away, with a phase angle of 65 degrees, meaning that 65% of the Earth’s disk was illuminated by the Sun, providing observations of both the day and night sides of the Earth,” explains Guiseppe Piccioni, one of the two Principal Investigators (PI).
These Earth observations will be used to test the instrument on a real planetary case, before Venus approach.
“A comparison of Venus spectra with Earth spectra with the same instrument will also be of interest for textbook illustration of the comparison between the two planets,” explained Pierre Drossart, the other PI.
The Moon has also been observed, providing additional observations of particular interest for calibrating the intrument.
The VIRTIS instrument on Venus Express is a twin of the same instrument on Rosetta, and similar observations were sent back by Rosetta in March 2005, so comparisons of the two sets of observations will be very useful for calibration purposes. The VIRTIS instrument is led jointly by INAF-IASF, Rome, Italy, and Observatoire de Paris, France.
‘Thermal’ image of Earth as seen by VIRTIS-M. Just two weeks after launch the VIRTIS imaging spectrometer on ESA’s Venus Express has been able to acquire its first remote-sensing data. This image, taken on 23 November, as part of the checkout of the Venus Express instruments, shows Earth in the infrared (thermal) region at a wavelength of about 4?m as seen by VIRTIS-M. The disk now appears almost ‘fully illuminated’ with no difference from day and night regions since only the thermal radiance from the planet is seen. The Antarctica region, being colder, is seen weaker in radiance (bottom). Credits: ESA/VIRTIS team
