NASA Daily News Summary – Media Advisory m99-255
NASA Daily News Summary
For Release: Dec. 10, 1999
Media Advisory m99-255SUMMARY:
NASA OPENS NEW, VIRTUAL AIRPORT CONTROL TOWER AT AMES
Video File for Dec. 10, 1999
NOTE: ALL TIMES EASTERN
ITEM 1 – FUTURE FLIGHT CENTRAL – ARC
ITEM 2 – CLOUD PATTERNS NEAR CAPE VERDE ISLANDS – GSFC
ITEM 3 – HYDRA A GALAXY CLUSTER – CHANDRA X-RAY OBSERVATORY
IMAGE (replay)ITEM 4 – EL NIÑO’S DRAMATIC IMPACT ON OCEAN BIOLOGY(replay)
ITEM 5 – SCIENTISTS STUDY ARCTIC OZONE IN SOLVE CAMPAIGN
– ARC, LARC, DFRC (replay) special requestITEM 6 – TERRA MISSION – GSFC (replay) special request
NOTE: Due to equipment maintenance today, the video file will run
ONLY at Noon and 3:00 pm Eastern Time. It will run approximately 1
hour, 15 minutes.*****************************
NASA OPENS NEW, VIRTUAL AIRPORT CONTROL TOWER AT AMES
“FutureFlight Central,” the world’s first full-scale virtual
airport-control tower, will open with a ribbon-cutting ceremony on
Monday, Dec. 13, at NASA’s Ames Research Center, Moffett Field,
CA. Constructed at a cost of $10 million, the two-story
FutureFlight Central facility was jointly funded by NASA and the
Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). The facility is designed
to test — under realistic airport conditions and configurations –
– ways to solve potential air and ground traffic problems at
commercial airports.Contact at NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA: Michael
Mewhinney (Phone 650/604-3937).
Contact at NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC: Michael Braukus
(Phone 202/358-1979).For full text, see:
ftp://ftp.hq.nasa.gov/pub/pao/pressrel/1999/99-143.txt—————————–
If NASA issues any news releases later today, we will e-
mail summaries and Internet URLs to this list.Index of 1999 NASA News Releases:
http://www.nasa.gov/releases/1999/index.html*****************************
Video File for Dec. 10, 1999
ITEM 1 – FUTURE FLIGHT CENTRAL – ARC
Contact at NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA: Michael
Mewhinney (Phone 650/604-3937).
Contact at NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC: Michael Braukus
(Phone 202/358-1979).ITEM 1a – FUTUREFLIGHT CENTRAL – ANIMATION—————-TRT :29
NASA1s FutureFlight Facility, opening Dec. 13, 1999, is the
world1s first full-scale virtual airport control tower. Located at
NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, the facility will
provide the airline industry with robust test and research
capabilities within a safe, real-time, simulated environment.ITEM 1b – FUTUREFLIGHT CENTRAL – ANIMATION—————-TRT 1:38
Simulations from the control tower of NASA1s new FutureFlight
Facility, depicting San Fransisco International airport and its
virtual air traffic.ITEM 1c – FUTUREFLIGHT CENTRAL B-ROLL———————TRT 2:33
Testing of the systems in the new FutureFlight Central facility,
showing both the control tower and the downstairs pseudo-pilot
areas.ITEM 1d – AIRPLANE B-ROLL———————————TRT 1:34
Montage of commercial aircraft at various U.S. airports engaging
in ground transportation maneuvers as well as footage inside an
air traffic control tower.ITEM 1e – INTERVIEW EXCERPTS——————————TRT 1:52
Paul Kutler, Deputy Director, Information Sciences & Technology
Directorate, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA.ITEM 1f – INTERVIEW EXCERPTS——————————TRT 1:37
Nancy Dorighi, Facility Manager, FutureFlight Central, NASA Ames
Research Center, Moffett Field, CA.ITEM 1g – INTERVIEW EXCERPTS—————————–TRT 1:24
Jim McClenahen, Air Traffic Control Analyst, FutureFlight Central,
NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA.ITEM 2 – CLOUD PATTERNS NEAR CAPE VERDE ISLANDS – GSFC
Contact at NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC: David E. Steitz
(Phone 202/358-1730).
Contact at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD: Wade
Sisler (Phone 301/286-6256).Images taken by NASA’s Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor
(SeaWiFS) satellite on October 15 and December 7 showing the West
African Cape Verde Islands’ effect on wind fields. The first
image shows the dust blowing from the Sahara Desert on the upper
right side moving west but getting trapped by the altitude of the
islands. The volcanic islands are high enough to interrupt the
wind field as seen by the clear water just south of each of the
islands. When wind blows past structures such as these, a vortex
is usually created in the wake of the water, as seen in the
rippled ocean currents.ITEM 3 – HYDRA A GALAXY CLUSTER – CHANDRA X-RAY OBSERVATORY
IMAGE (replay)Contact at Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL: Steve
Roy (Phone 205/544-0034).
Contact at NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC: Donald Savage
(Phone 202/358-1547).
Contact at Chandra X-ray Observatory Center, Harvard-Smithsonian
Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA: Dr. Wallace Tucker (Phone
617/496-7998).ITEM 3a – HYDRA A: A CLUSTER OF GALAXIES——————TRT :15
IN THE CONSTELLATION HYDRAThis image shows a radio (green and maroon) overlay of the Chandra
X-ray (pink, and blue) image of Hydra A. Large magnetized bubbles
of radio-emitting high energy particles expanding from the center
of the cluster have pushed through the 40 million degree X-ray
emitting gas. As the largest gravitationally bound objects in the
universe, galaxy clusters provide crucial clues for understanding
the origin and fate of the universe. Hydra A is 840 million light
years from Earth.ITEM 3b – X-RAY IMAGE OF HYDRA A GALAXY CLUSTER———–TRT :15
NASA’s Chandra X-ray Observatory image of the Hydra A galaxy
cluster has revealed a possible solution to a Herculean puzzle
about the fate of the largest objects in the universe. For years
astronomers have been searching unsuccessfully for large
quantities of matter they believed must be flowing into the
central regions of galaxy clusters. The Chandra image of Hydra A
displays for the first time long snake-like strands of 35 million
degree gas extending away from the center of the cluster. These
structures show that the inflow of cooling gas is deflected by
magnetic fields produced by explosions from a central black hole.
As the largest gravitationally bound objects in the universe,
galaxy clusters provide crucial clues for understanding the origin
and fate of the universe.ITEM 3c – Interview Excerpts——————————TRT 1:48
Mary Weisskopf, Chandra Project Scientist, NASA Marshall Space
Flight Center, Huntsville, ALhttp://chandra.nasa.gov
ITEM 4 – EL NIÑO’S DRAMATIC IMPACT———————–TRT 14:00
ON OCEAN BIOLOGY(replay)Contact at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD:
Cynthia O’Carroll (Phone 301/614-5563).
Contact at NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC: David E. Steitz
(Phone 202/358-1730).Synopsis: The 1997-98 El Niño/La Niña had an unprecedented
roller-coaster effect on the oceanic food chain across a vast
swath of the Pacific, plunging chlorophyll levels to the lowest
ever recorded in December 1997 and spawning the largest bloom of
microscopic algae ever seen in the region the following summer.
According to new results published in the December 10 issue of the
journal Science, El Niño also dramatically reduced the amount of
carbon dioxide normally released into the atmosphere by the
equatorial Pacific Ocean.ITEM 4a – AN IMMENSE PACIFIC BLOOM
This sequence illustrates the vast size and intensity of the
ocean’s biological rebound from El Niño. Satellite imagery from
NASA’s Sea-viewing Wide-Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS) instrument
showed nearly a complete lack of plankton along the equatorial
Pacific during El Niño. The cool waters associated with La Niña
brought nutrients from the below the surface and enabled an
enormous plankton bloom (shown in green).ITEM 4b – REBOUND FROM EL NIÑO
The SeaWiFS data revealed surprisingly low levels of plankton
coinciding with El Niño’s strongest phase. The cooler waters
associated with La Nina brought a huge plankton bloom along the
equator (shown in green).ITEM 4c – EXPLOSION IN THE GALAPAGOS
SeaWiFS documented the rapid demise of El Niño in the waters
around the Galapagos Islands. The images show an explosion in
plankton growth as the warm El Niño waters blamed for choking off
essential ocean nutrients are replaced by deep cold upwelled
waters. The false color images, which document plankton
concentrations from May 9-24 1998, show that life in the region to
the west archipelago has returned in remarkable abundance. High
concentrations are shown in red. Areas occluded by clouds are
shown in white.ITEM 4d – THE CARBON CONNECTION – PHYSICAL PROCESSES
By understanding the magnitude of the huge plankton bloom,
scientists were able to calculate how changes in biologic activity
caused massive changes in carbon dioxide. Scientists determined
that El Niño cut the amount of carbon dioxide released into the
atmosphere by 700 million metric tons. The deep ocean waters
normally release large amounts of carbon dioxide. During El Niño,
the carbon dioxide-rich waters were held below the surface.ITEM 4e – THE CARBON CONNECTION – BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES
Nutrients in the cooler waters associated with La Niña were
brought to the surface and helped fuel a huge plankton bloom.
This animation shows how the tiny plants can lock up carbon when
they die.ITEM 4f – THE 1997-98 EL NIÑO
The 1997-98 El Niño was truly a global event. The sequence shows
a superimposition of sea surface temperature anomalies on
anomalies of the sea surface elevation. Warmer than normal
temperatures are shown in red and cooler than normal temperatures
are shown in blue.ITEM 4g – 3-D EL NIÑO
The space-based perspective provided by satellite observations
trace the evolution of El Niño (shown in red) from its beginning
in early 1997 through its decline in early 1998. The onset of La
Niña can be seen as the emergence cooler than normal temperatures
(shown in blue) along the equator.ITEM 4h – PHYTOPLANKTON — UP CLOSE AND PERSONAL
Images of phytoplankton and zooplankton. Plankton are lowest
rungs in the oceanic food chain.ITEM 4i – BUOY ARRAY
Scientists also used data from the National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration’s Tropical Atmosphere Ocean array.ITEM 4j – EYE IN THE SKY – SEAWIFS
NASA’s Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-View Sensor (SeaWiFS) gave
researchers an unprecedented view into the extreme biological
effects of this El Niño/La Niña event.ITEM 4k – HOW SEAWIFS “SEES” PLANKTON
The SeaWiFS instrument detects subtle differences in ocean color
and is used to determine the concentrations of chlorophyll found
in plankton.ITEM 4l – SCIENTISTS B-ROLL
Scientists at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center study El Niño and
La Niña.ITEM 4m – INTERVIEW EXCERPTS
Dr. Gene Feldman, Research Oceanographer, NASA Goddard Space
Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD.ITEM 5 – SCIENTISTS STUDY ARCTIC OZONE IN SOLVE CAMPAIGN
(replay) – ARC, LARC, DFRCContact at NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA: John
Bluck (Phone 650/604-5026).
Contact at NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC: David E. Steitz
(Phone 202/358-1730).ITEM 5a – EXAMINING ARCTIC OZONE————————–TRT 1:38
NASA scientists are joining researchers from Europe, Russia,
Canada and Japan to mount the largest field-measurement campaign
ever to assess ozone amounts and changes in the Arctic upper
atmosphere this winter. This collaborative campaign will measure
ozone and other atmospheric gases using satellites, airplanes,
heavy-lift and small balloons, and ground-based instruments. From
November 1999 through March 2000, researchers will examine the
processes that control ozone amounts during the Arctic winter at
mid to high latitudes.ITEM 5b – ER-2 AIRCRAFT————————————TRT :52
B-roll: ER-2 aircraft being prepped at NASA Ames; pilot getting
onboard; takeoff.ITEM 5c – INTERVIEW—————————————TRT 1:11
Dr. Michael Kurylo, Manager, Upper Atmosphere Research Program at
NASA Headquarters, Washington, DCITEM 5d – INTERVIEW—————————————TRT :29
Dr. Phil DeCola, Program Manager, Upper Atmosphere Research
Program at NASA Headquarters, Washington, DCITEM 5e – INTERVIEW—————————————TRT :40
Katja Drdla, Principal Investigator, SOLVE campaign, NASA Ames
Research Center, Moffett Field, CAITEM 5e – INTERVIEW————————————–TRT 1:01
*Chip Trepte, Atmospheric Scientist, NASA Langley Research Center,
Hampton, VA.Contact at NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA: Chris Rink
(Phone 757/864-6786).More information (including a list of participating
institutions) can be found at:
http://cloud1.arc.nasa.gov/solve/index.html
and
http://www.ozone-sec.ch.cam.ac.ukITEM 6 – TERRA MISSION – GSFC (replay)
Contact at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD: Allen
Kenitzer (Phone 301/286-2806).
Contact at NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC: David E. Steitz
(Phone 202/358-1730).URL: http://pao.gsfc.nasa.gov/gsfc/earth/terra/terra.htm
ITEM 6a – TERRA, THE EOS FLAGSHIP————————-TRT 2:00
NASA will launch and deploy the “flagship” to the Earth Observing
System (EOS) series of satellites, part of a precedent setting
program designed to provide daily information on the health of the
Planet. Terra will be the most comprehensive tool ever launched
for scientific studies of our home planet.ITEM 6b – TERRA INSTRUMENT SYNERGY————————TRT :40
Terra is uniquely designed to be an Earth-observing laboratory
with onboard research instruments that can be used both
independently and cooperatively.ITEM 6c – TERRA LOOKS CLOSELY AT EARTH——————–TRT :43
Montage of instrument swaths and key science objectives for each
of the five instruments on Terra. The instruments (in order) are
ASTER (Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection
Radiometer), CERES (Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System),
MISR (Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer), MODIS (MODerate-
resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer), and MOPITT (Measurements of
Pollution in the Troposphere).ITEM 6d – TERRA LAUNCH AND DEPLOY ANIMATION—————TRT 1:23
An Atlas II rocket will hoist the Terra satellite into orbit from
Vandenberg Air Force Base, CA.ITEM 6e – TERRA SCIENCE OBJECTIVES————————TRT :52
Terra begins a new generation of Earth science–one that studies
the Earth’s land, oceans, air, ice and life as a total global
system. Terra will help us to understand how the complex coupled
Earth system of air, land water and life is linked.ITEM 6f – TERRA SCIENCE OBJECTIVES————————TRT :28
Terra will simultaneously study clouds, water vapor aerosol
particles, trace gases terrestrial and ocean properties, the
interaction between them, and their effect on atmospheric
radiation and climate. Data sets in visualization: Earth as seen
by Galileo spacecraft, radiant energy, vegetation anomalies,
temperature, fires, aerosols, clouds, methane, water vapor, and
global biosphere.ITEM 6g – TERRA SCIENCE OBJECTIVES————————TRT :32
Terra will help scientists to examine the Earth as one integrated
system by looking closely and examining the major spheres of its
environment–the biosphere, aerosols, radiant energy, air
pollution, temperature, and water vapor.ITEM 6h – TERRA SCIENCE OBJECTIVES–VEGETATION————TRT :58
Terra will help monitor biospheric productivity and will detect
subtle changes in forest and ocean ecosystems.1. Global Biosphere
2. Changes in Vegetation IndexITEM 6i – TERRA SCIENCE OBJECTIVES–AEROSOLS————–TRT 1:01
Terra carries sensors that will measure aerosol amounts over land
and ocean, as well as particle size and composition. Aerosols
come from dust storms, forest and grassland fires, volcanoes,
living vegetation, and sea spray. Human activities, such as the
burning of fuels and changing the land’s surface cover, also
generate aerosols.1. Aerosols Maps
2. Global FiresITEM 6j – TERRA SCIENCE OBJECTIVES–HEAT FLOW & CLIMATE—TRT 2:26
The Earth’s climate is governed by a balance between sunlight that
reaches the Earth and heat that is radiated back into space.
Terra will help scientists monitor this delicate balance and
better understand the relationship between greenhouse gases, cloud
cover and long-term climate change.1. Radiation Budget
2. Water Vapor
3. Methane
4. Global Temperatures
5. 1997-98 El NinoITEM 6k – TERRA SATELLITE B-ROLL————————–TRT :30
Engineers work on Terra in the clean room at Lockheed-Martin,
Valley Forge, PA.ITEM 6l – EARTH SCIENTISTS AT WORK————————TRT :35
B-Roll of Earth Scientists
ITEM 6m – INTERVIEW EXCERPTS——————————TRT :54
Yoram Kaufman, Terra Project Scientist, NASA Goddard Space Flight
Center, Greenbelt, MD.ITEM 6n – INTERVIEW EXCERPTS——————————TRT 1:35
Jon Ransom, Terra Deputy Project Scientist, NASA Goddard Space
Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD.ITEM 6o – TERRA INSTRUMENTS–ASTER———————–TRT 1:27
ASTER (Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection
Radiometer) will measure snow and ice distribution, vegetation
types, rock and soil properties, surface temperatures, and cloud
properties.Contact at NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA: Diane
Ainsworth (Phone 818/354-5011).
Contact at NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC: David E. Steitz
(Phone 202/358-1730).ITEM 6p – INTERVIEW EXCERPTS——————————TRT :24
Simon Hook, ASTER Project Scientist, Jet Propulsion Laboratory,
Pasadena, CA.Contact at NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA: Diane
Ainsworth (Phone 818/354-5011).
Contact at NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC: David E. Steitz
(Phone 202/358-1730).ITEM 6q – INTERVIEW EXCERPTS——————————TRT 1:49
Ann Kahle, ASTER U.S. Science Team Leader, Jet Propulsion
Laboratory, Pasadena, CA.Contact at NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA: Diane
Ainsworth (Phone 818/354-5011).
Contact at NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC: David E. Steitz
(Phone 202/358-1730).ITEM 6r – TERRA INSTRUMENTS–CERES———————–TRT 1:08
CERES (Clouds and Earth’s Radiant Energy System) will study the
radiation balance on Earth; how much heat is absorbed and
reflected from the Earth’s surface to the top of the atmosphere.
By collecting data on how different cloud formations absorb or
reflect various amounts of energy, scientists can develop new
predictive models about weather systems and how the Earth
maintains its delicate balance in temperature.Contact at NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA: H.
Keith Henry (Phone 757/864-6120/24).
Contact at NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC: David E. Steitz
(Phone 202/358-1730).ITEM 6s – INTERVIEW EXCERPTS——————————TRT :22
Bruce Wielicki, CERES Principal Scientist, NASA Langley Research
Center, Hampton, VA.Contact at NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA: H.
Keith Henry (Phone 757/864-6120/24).
Contact at NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC: David E. Steitz
(Phone 202/358-1730).ITEM 6t – TERRA INSTRUMENTS–MISR————————-TRT 1:45
MISR’s (Multi-Angled Spectroradiometer) cameras will allow
scientists to produce stereoscopic (3-D) images of clouds and
aerosol structures. The detailed analysis will help determine how
sunlight behaves and how it interacts as it passes through Earth’s
environment. MISR will also monitor long term trends in
pollution, aerosols, cloud heights, and distribution of land
surface cover.Contact at NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA: Diane
Ainsworth (Phone 818/354-5011).
Contact at NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC: David E. Steitz
(Phone 202/358-1730).ITEM 6u – MISER B-ROLL————————————TRT :33
B-Roll of MISR (Multi-Angled Spectroradiometer).
Contact at NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA: Diane
Ainsworth (Phone 818/354-5011).
Contact at NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC: David E. Steitz
(Phone 202/358-1730).ITEM 6v – INTERVIEW EXCERPTS——————————TRT :33
David Diner, MISER Principal Investigator, Jet Propulsion
Laboratory, Pasadena, CA.Contact at NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA: Diane
Ainsworth (Phone 818/354-5011).
Contact at NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC: David E. Steitz
(Phone 202/358-1730).ITEM 6w – TERRA INSTRUMENTS–MODIS————————TRT :53
MODIS (MODerate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) will measure
cloud cover and aerosol concentrations on a global scale so that,
with CERES and MISR data, scientists can gauge the effects on the
Earth’s radiation budget. MODIS will study surface temperatures
(including fire detection), ocean sediment, phytoplankton
concentrations, vegetation maps, land cover changes, pollution,
and snow cover.Contact at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD: Allen
Kenitzer (Phone 301/286-2806).
Contact at NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC: David E. Steitz
(Phone 202/358-1730).ITEM 6x – INTERVIEW EXCERPTS——————————TRT 1:09
Jim Collatz, Terra Associate Project Scientist, NASA Goddard Space
Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD.Contact at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD: Allen
Kenitzer (Phone 301/286-2806).
Contact at NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC: David E. Steitz
(Phone 202/358-1730).ITEM 6y – TERRA INSTRUMENTS–MOPITT———————–TRT 1:03
MOPITT (Measurements of Pollution in the Troposphere) will measure
carbon monoxide and methane levels in the lower atmosphere. By
studying where these atmospheric gases are concentrated, how they
circulate through the atmosphere, and how they form, scientists
hope to gain a more complete picture about how atmosphere
pollution interacts and affects our environment.Contact in Canada: Marion Neiman (Phone 613/990-8622).
Contact at NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC: David E. Steitz
(Phone 202/358-1730).ITEM 6z – INTERVIEW EXCERPTS——————————TRT :24
James Drummond, Professor, University of Toronto, Canada
Contact in Canada: Marion Neiman (Phone 613/990-8622).
Contact at NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC: David E. Steitz
(Phone 202/358-1730).—————————–
Unless otherwise noted, ALL TIMES ARE EASTERN.
ANY CHANGES TO THE LINE-UP WILL APPEAR ON THE NASA VIDEO FILE
ADVISORY ON
THE WEB AT ftp://ftp.hq.nasa.gov/pub/pao/tv-advisory/nasa-tv.txt
WE UPDATE THE ADVISORY THROUGHOUT THE DAY.The NASA Video File normally airs at noon, 3 p.m., 6 p.m., 9 p.m.
and midnight Eastern Time.NASA Television is available on GE-2, transponder 9C at 85 degrees
West longitude, with vertical polarization. Frequency is on 3880.0
megahertz, with audio on 6.8 megahertz.Refer general questions about the video file to NASA Headquarters,
Washington, DC: Ray Castillo, 202/358-4555, or Elvia Thompson,
202/358-1696, elvia.thompson@hq.nasa.govDuring Space Shuttle missions, the full NASA TV schedule will
continue to be posted at:
http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/realdata/nasatv/schedule.htmlFor general information about NASA TV see:
http://www.nasa.gov/ntv/*****************************
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