Space Weather Guide

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What is Space Weather?

Most of the time space, weather is of little concern in our everyday lives. However, when the space environment is disturbed by the variable output of particles and radiation from the Sun, technologies that we depend on in our daily life, in space orbit as well as on the ground, can be affected. Some of the most dramatic space weather effects occur in association with eruptions of material from the solar atmosphere into interplanetary space. Thus, our space weather is a consequence of the behavior of the Sun, the nature of Earth's magnetic field and atmosphere, and our location in the solar system. The increasing deployment of radiation -current- and field sensitive technological systems over the last few decades and the increasing presence of complex systems in space combine to make society more vulnerable to solar-terrestrial disturbances. This has been emphasized by the large number of problems associated with the severe magnetic storms between 1989 and 1991 as the 11 year solar activity cycle peaked.

SOHO Real-time View of the Sun

Space Weather Outlook

Joint USAF/NOAA Solar Geophysical Activity Report and Forecast 22 January 2022

Joint USAF/NOAA Solar Geophysical Activity Report and Forecast SDF Number 22 Issued at 2200Z on 22 Jan 2022 IA. Analysis of Solar Active Regions and Activity from 21/2100Z to 22/2100Z: Solar activity has been at very low levels for the past 24 hours. There are currently 2 numbered sunspot regions on the disk.

IB. Solar Activity Forecast: Solar activity is expected to be very low with a slight chance for a C-class flare on day one (23 Jan) and expected to be very low on days two and three (24 Jan, 25 Jan). IIA. Geophysical Activity Summary 21/2100Z to 22/2100Z: The geomagnetic field has been at quiet to unsettled levels for the past 24 hours. Solar wind speed reached a peak of 480 km/s at 22/0003Z. Total IMF reached 5 nT at 21/2101Z. The maximum southward component of Bz reached -5 nT at 21/2120Z. Electrons greater than 2 MeV at geosynchronous orbit reached a peak level of 4044 pfu.

IIB. Geophysical Activity Forecast: The geomagnetic field is expected to be at quiet to active levels on days one and two (23 Jan, 24 Jan) and quiet to unsettled levels on day three (25 Jan). III. Event probabilities 23 Jan-25 Jan Class M 01/01/01 Class X 01/01/01 Proton 01/01/01 PCAF green IV. Penticton 10.7 cm Flux Observed 22 Jan 095 Predicted 23 Jan-25 Jan 093/089/089 90 Day Mean 22 Jan 097 V. Geomagnetic A Indices Observed Afr/Ap 21 Jan 005/005 Estimated Afr/Ap 22 Jan 008/012 Predicted Afr/Ap 23 Jan-25 Jan 010/012-011/012-007/008 VI. Geomagnetic Activity Probabilities 23 Jan-25 Jan A. Middle Latitudes Active 35/35/25 Minor Storm 15/15/05 Major-severe storm 05/05/01 B. High Latitudes Active 10/10/15 Minor Storm 25/25/30 Major-severe storm 50/50/30